1. Voter Participation
(self-reported)--as % of voting age citizen population (VAP) or voting eligible
population (VEP)
|
Elec.Yr. |
‘92 |
‘94 |
‘96 |
‘98 |
‘00 |
‘02 |
‘04 |
‘06 |
‘08 |
‘10 |
‘12 |
‘14 |
‘16 |
‘18 |
‘20 |
‘22 |
|
VAP
Voted |
68 |
48.3 |
58.4 |
45.3 |
59.5 |
46.1 |
63.8 |
47.8 |
63.6 |
45.5 |
61.8 |
41.9 |
61.4 |
53.4 |
66.6 |
52.2 |
|
VAP
Reg’d |
75 |
67.1 |
70.9 |
67.1 |
69.5 |
66.5 |
72.1 |
67.6 |
71.0 |
65.1 |
71.2 |
64.6 |
70.3 |
66.9 |
72.7 |
69.1 |
|
Vote/Reg |
90 |
72.0 |
82.3 |
67.5 |
85.5 |
69.4 |
88.5 |
70.8 |
89.6 |
69.9 |
86.8 |
64.9 |
87.3 |
79.9 |
91.9 |
75.5 |
|
VEPTurnout |
58.1 |
41.1 |
51.6 |
39.4 |
55.3 |
39.5 |
60.9 |
41.3 |
61.7 |
41.0+ |
58.7 |
36.7 |
60.2 |
49.4 |
66.8 |
46.2 |
|
VEP |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
219.9M |
230.6M |
237M |
239M |
242.6M |
(Census Bureau statistics, "Population
Characteristics: Voting and Registration in the Election[s] of November ----”; turnout and VEP statistics,
United States Elections Project, http://www.electproject.org/home)
2. Registration/Voting (self reported) increases with age and education, 2020
(Census Bureau, supra)
(% of eligible voters, i.e., U.S.
citizens)
a. Age: 18-24
yr. old (59.8/51.4%)--->65-74 yr. old (79.1/76%)
b. Education: High
School (63.4/55.5%)--->Bachelors Degree (81.6/77.9%)
3. Differences in Voter
Participation % (self-reported voting) (Census
Bureau, supra)
(Voting Age Population (“VAP”),
1972-1980; Citizens of voting age; 2000 to present)
|
Year |
72 |
‘76 |
‘78 |
‘80 |
|
|
|
|
|
‘00 |
‘02 |
‘04 |
‘08 |
‘10 |
‘12 |
‘16 |
‘18 |
‘20 |
‘22 |
‘24 |
‘26 |
‘28 |
||
|
Male |
64% |
59 |
46 |
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
58.1 |
45.6 |
62.1 |
|
61.5 |
44.8 |
59.7 |
59.3 |
51.8 |
65.0 |
51.3 |
|
|
|
|
Fem |
62 |
58 |
45 |
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
60.7 |
46.6 |
65.4 |
|
65.7 |
46.2 |
63.7 |
63.3 |
55.0 |
68.4 |
53.0 |
|
|
|
|
White |
64 |
60 |
47 |
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
60.5 |
47.5 |
65.4 |
|
66.1 |
46.7 |
62.2 |
62.9 |
55.0 |
68.3 |
54.7 |
|
|
|
|
Black |
52 |
48 |
37 |
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
56.8 |
42.3 |
60.0 |
|
64.7 |
43.5 |
66.2 |
59.4 |
51.1 |
62.6 |
45.1 |
|
|
|
|
Hisp. |
38 |
43 |
34 |
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
45.1 |
30.4 |
47.2 |
|
49.9 |
31.2 |
48.0 |
47.6 |
40.4 |
53.7 |
37.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B.A. |
84 |
80 |
64 |
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
NE |
60.5 |
45.5 |
64.1 |
|
62.9 |
45.5 |
62.3 |
|
53.1 |
68.9 |
53.8 |
|
|
|
|
HS Dip |
47 |
44 |
35 |
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
MW |
63.2 |
49.1 |
67.8 |
|
66.3 |
47.1 |
65.0 |
|
56.0 |
68.6 |
54.1 |
|
|
|
|
18-24 |
48 |
38 |
20 |
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
South |
57.2 |
44.9 |
61.0 |
|
62.6 |
42.6 |
60.7 |
|
51.5 |
64.7 |
48.9 |
|
|
|
|
65+ |
64 |
62 |
56 |
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
West |
58.1 |
45.4 |
64.0 |
|
63.3 |
48.7 |
60.0 |
|
54.5 |
66.9 |
54.7 |
|
|
|
4. Eligible Voters throughout
1789-1829 Propertied White Adult Males 1920-1971 Adults (Age 21 and over)
1829-1870 White Adult Males 1971-Present All citizens over age 18
1870-1920 Adult Males
5. Party Identification: Is
the New Deal Coalition holding together?
Proportion
of coalition voters voting Democratic, 1956-2020. (
|
Elections |
56 |
60 |
64 |
68 |
72 |
76 |
80 |
84 |
88 |
92 |
96 |
00 |
04 |
08 |
12 |
16 |
20 |
24 |
|
|
|
|
Southerners |
49 |
51 |
52 |
31 |
29 |
54 |
44 |
36 |
41 |
42 |
46 |
43 |
42 |
45 |
NA |
NA |
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
Catholics |
51 |
78 |
76 |
59 |
48 |
54 |
42 |
45 |
47 |
44 |
53 |
50 |
47 |
54 |
50 |
46 |
52 |
|
|
|
|
|
Jews |
77 |
89 |
89 |
85 |
66 |
64 |
45 |
67 |
64 |
78 |
78 |
79 |
74 |
78 |
69 |
71 |
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
Non-W/Blk |
61 |
68 |
94 |
85 |
87 |
83 |
85 |
89 |
86 |
82 |
84 |
90 |
88 |
95 |
93 |
89 |
87 |
|
|
|
|
|
Union
House |
57 |
65 |
73 |
56 |
46 |
59 |
48 |
53 |
57 |
55 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
59 |
58 |
51 |
56 |
|
|
|
|
6. Party Identification
--Strong and Weak Partisanship (<American National Election Studies)
|
|
'52 |
'54 |
'56 |
'58 |
'60 |
'62 |
'64 |
'66 |
'68 |
'70 |
'72 |
'74 |
'76 |
'78 |
'80 |
'82 |
'84 |
'86 |
'88 |
'90 |
'92 |
'94 |
'96 |
'98 |
'00 |
'02 |
'04 |
'08 |
‘12 |
‘16 |
‘20 |
‘24 |
|
Strong Democrat : |
23% |
23 |
22 |
28 |
21 |
24 |
27 |
18 |
20 |
20 |
15 |
18 |
15 |
15 |
18 |
20 |
17 |
18 |
18 |
20 |
18 |
15 |
18 |
19 |
19 |
17 |
17 |
19 |
20 |
21.3 |
23.2 |
|
|
Weak Democrat : |
26 |
26 |
24 |
23 |
26 |
24 |
25 |
28 |
26 |
24 |
25 |
21 |
25 |
24 |
23 |
24 |
20 |
22 |
18 |
19 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
18 |
15 |
17 |
16 |
15 |
15 |
13.8 |
11.5 |
|
|
Independent Democrat : |
10 |
9 |
7 |
7 |
6 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
10 |
10 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
12 |
10.9 |
11.4 |
|
|
Independent Independent: |
5 |
8 |
9 |
8 |
10 |
8 |
8 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
15 |
18 |
16 |
16 |
15 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
11 |
10 |
12 |
13 |
7 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
14.7 |
11.8 |
|
|
Independent Republican : |
8 |
6 |
9 |
5 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
9 |
8 |
10 |
9 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
8 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
11.1 |
10.5 |
|
|
Weak Republican : |
14 |
15 |
15 |
17 |
14 |
17 |
14 |
15 |
15 |
15 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
13 |
14 |
14 |
15 |
15 |
14 |
15 |
14 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
12 |
16 |
12 |
13 |
12 |
11.8 |
10.5 |
|
|
Strong Republican : |
14 |
13 |
16 |
12 |
16 |
13 |
11 |
10 |
10 |
9 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
12 |
11 |
14 |
10 |
11 |
15 |
12 |
10 |
12 |
15 |
16 |
13 |
`15 |
16.4 |
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
N |
1689 |
1088 |
1690 |
1737 |
1864 |
1237 |
1536 |
1263 |
1531 |
1490 |
2695 |
2492 |
2833 |
2269 |
1612 |
1403 |
2228 |
2157 |
2026 |
1965 |
2473 |
1780 |
1706 |
1267 |
1790 |
1466 |
1194 |
2293 |
|
|
|
|
PERCENTAGE
WITHIN STUDY YEAR
Table 2A.1
Source: The American National Election Studies
Link to the ASCII
text version of this table (* GallopPolls)
Ideological
Identification
7.
Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification (<American National Election
Studies)
|
|
'72 |
'74 |
'76 |
'78 |
'80 |
'82 |
'84 |
'86 |
'88 |
'90 |
'92 |
'94 |
'96 |
'98 |
'00 |
'02 |
'04 |
'08 |
‘12 |
‘16 |
‘20 |
‘24 |
|
Extremely Liberal : |
1% |
2 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4.2 |
|
|
Liberal : |
7 |
11 |
7 |
8 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
9 |
12 |
9 |
10 |
10 |
12 |
13 |
|
|
Slightly Liberal : |
10 |
8 |
8 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
9 |
8 |
10 |
7 |
10 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
11 |
11.1 |
10 |
|
|
Moderate, Middle of Road: |
27 |
26 |
25 |
27 |
20 |
22 |
23 |
28 |
22 |
24 |
23 |
26 |
24 |
28 |
23 |
22 |
25 |
22 |
32 |
23.8 |
22.4 |
|
|
Slightly Conservative : |
15 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
15 |
14 |
15 |
14 |
15 |
15 |
12 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
14 |
11.7 |
10 |
|
|
Conservative : |
10 |
12 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
10 |
13 |
19 |
15 |
13 |
15 |
21 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
16.9 |
18 |
|
|
Extremely Conservative : |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
3.5 |
5.2 |
|
|
DK, Haven't Thought : |
28 |
27 |
33 |
27 |
36 |
36 |
30 |
25 |
30 |
33 |
27 |
24 |
25 |
23 |
27 |
22 |
25 |
25 |
8 |
17.9 |
17.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
N |
2155 |
2478 |
2839 |
2284 |
1565 |
1400 |
2229 |
2170 |
2035 |
1967 |
2483 |
1783 |
1712 |
1280 |
849 |
1490 |
1211 |
2319 |
|
|
|
|
PERCENTAGE
WITHIN STUDY YEAR
Table 3.1
Source: The American National Election Studies
Link to the ASCII
text version of this table