. Voter Participation (self-reported)--as % of voting age citizen population (VAP) or voting eligible population (VEP)

 

Elec.Yr.

‘92

‘94

‘96

‘98

‘00

‘02

‘04

‘06

‘08

‘10

‘12

‘14

‘16

‘18

‘20

‘22

VAP Voted

68

48.3

58.4

45.3

59.5

46.1

63.8

47.8

63.6

45.5

61.8

41.9

61.4

53.4

66.6

52.2

VAP Reg’d

75

67.1

70.9

67.1

69.5

66.5

72.1

67.6

71.0

65.1

71.2

64.6

70.3

66.9

72.7

69.1

Vote/Reg

90

72.0

82.3

67.5

85.5

69.4

88.5

70.8

89.6

69.9

86.8

64.9

87.3

79.9

91.9

75.5

VEPTurnout

58.1

41.1

51.6

39.4

55.3

39.5

60.9

41.3

61.7

41.0+

58.7

36.7

60.2

49.4

66.8

46.2

VEP

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

219.9M

230.6M

237M

239M

242.6M


 

    (Census Bureau statistics, "Population Characteristics: Voting and Registration in the Election[s] of  November ----­­”; turnout and VEP statistics, United States Elections Project, http://www.electproject.org/home)

 

2. Registration/Voting (self reported) increases with age and education, 2020 (Census Bureau, supra)

            (% of eligible voters, i.e., U.S. citizens)

            a. Age:             18-24 yr. old (59.8/51.4%)--->65-74 yr. old (79.1/76%)      

           

            b. Education:     High School (63.4/55.5%)--->Bachelors Degree (81.6/77.9%)

 

3. Differences in Voter Participation % (self-reported voting) (Census Bureau, supra)

            (Voting Age Population (“VAP”), 1972-1980; Citizens of voting age; 2000 to present)

Year

72

‘76

‘78

‘80

 

 

 

 

 

‘00

‘02

‘04

‘08

‘10

‘12

‘16

‘18

‘20

‘22

‘24

‘26

‘28

Male

64%

59

46

59

 

 

 

 

 

 

58.1

45.6

62.1

 

61.5

44.8

59.7

59.3

51.8

65.0

51.3

 

 

 

Fem

62

58

45

59

 

 

 

 

 

 

60.7

46.6

65.4

 

65.7

46.2

63.7

63.3

55.0

68.4

53.0

 

 

 

White

64

60

47

60

 

 

 

 

 

 

60.5

47.5

65.4

 

66.1

46.7

62.2

62.9

55.0

68.3

54.7

 

 

 

Black

52

48

37

50

 

 

 

 

 

 

56.8

42.3

60.0

 

64.7

43.5

66.2

59.4

51.1

62.6

45.1

 

 

 

Hisp.

38

43

34

44

 

 

 

 

 

 

45.1

30.4

47.2

 

49.9

31.2

48.0

47.6

40.4

53.7

37.9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

B.A.

84

80

64

80

 

 

 

 

 

NE

60.5

45.5

64.1

 

62.9

45.5

62.3

 

53.1

68.9

53.8

 

 

 

HS Dip

47

44

35

43

 

 

 

 

 

MW

63.2

49.1

67.8

 

66.3

47.1

65.0

 

56.0

68.6

54.1

 

 

 

18-24

48

38

20

36

 

 

 

 

 

South

57.2

44.9

61.0

 

62.6

42.6

60.7

 

51.5

64.7

48.9

 

 

 

65+

64

62

56

65

 

 

 

 

 

West

58.1

45.4

64.0

 

63.3

48.7

60.0

 

54.5

66.9

54.7

 

 

 

           

 

4. Eligible Voters throughout U.S. History.

1789-1829       Propertied White Adult Males

1829-1870       White Adult Males       Jacksonian Era                         

1870-1920       Adult Males      15th Amendment, VRA of 1965

1920-1971       Adults (age 21 and over, with exceptions)  19th Amendment

1971-Present    All citizens over age 18  26th Amendment                 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Party Identification: Is the New Deal Coalition holding together?

 

Proportion of coalition voters voting Democratic, 1956-2020. (Wilson, 4th ed., p. 192 <Gallup; Bold statistics from Vital Statistics; 2016 & 2020, CNN Exit Polls)

 

 

Elections

56

60

64

68

72

76

80

84

88

92

96

00

04

08

12

16

20

24

 

 

 

Southerners

49

51

52

31

29

54

44

36

41

42

46

43

42

45

NA

NA

46

 

 

 

 

Catholics

51

78

76

59

48

54

42

45

47

44

53

50

47

54

50

46

52

 

 

 

 

Jews

77

89

89

85

66

64

45

67

64

78

78

79

74

78

69

71

68

 

 

 

 

Non-W/Blk

61

68

94

85

87

83

85

89

86

82

84

90

88

95

93

89

87

 

 

 

 

Union House

57

65

73

56

46

59

48

53

57

55

59

59

59

59

58

51

56

 

 

 

 

 

                   

6. Party Identification --Strong and Weak Partisanship (<American National Election Studies)

Party Identification 7-Point Scale  1952-2020

 

'52

'54

'56

'58

'60

'62

'64

'66

'68

'70

'72

'74

'76

'78

'80

'82

'84

'86

'88

'90

'92

'94

'96

'98

'00

'02

'04

'08

‘12

‘16

‘20

‘24

Strong Democrat :

23%

23

22

28

21

24

27

18

20

20

15

18

15

15

18

20

17

18

18

20

18

15

18

19

19

17

17

19

20

21.3

23.2

 

Weak Democrat :

26

26

24

23

26

24

25

28

26

24

25

21

25

24

23

24

20

22

18

19

17

18

19

18

15

17

16

15

15

13.8

11.5

 

Independent Democrat :

10

9

7

7

6

8

9

9

10

10

11

13

12

14

11

11

11

10

12

12

14

13

14

14

15

16

17

17

12

10.9

11.4

 

Independent Independent:

5

8

9

8

10

8

8

12

11

13

15

18

16

16

15

13

13

14

12

12

13

11

10

12

13

7

10

11

14

14.7

11.8

 

Independent Republican :

8

6

9

5

7

6

6

7

9

8

10

9

10

10

10

8

12

11

13

12

12

12

12

11

13

13

12

12

12

11.1

10.5

 

Weak Republican :

14

15

15

17

14

17

14

15

15

15

13

14

14

13

14

14

15

15

14

15

14

15

15

16

12

16

12

13

12

11.8

10.5

 

Strong Republican :

14

13

16

12

16

13

11

10

10

9

10

8

9

8

9

10

12

11

14

10

11

15

12

10

12

15

16

13

`15

16.4

21

 

 

 

 

 

N  

1689

1088

1690

1737

1864

1237

1536

1263

1531

1490

2695

2492

2833

2269

1612

1403

2228

2157

2026

1965

2473

1780

1706

1267

1790

1466

1194

2293

 

 

 

 

PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR
Table 2A.1
Source: The American National Election Studies
Link to the ASCII text version of this table   (* GallopPolls)

 

 

 

Ideological Identification

7. Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification (<American National Election Studies)

Liberal-Conservative Self-Identification 1972-2020

 

'72

'74

'76

'78

'80

'82

'84

'86

'88

'90

'92

'94

'96

'98

'00

'02

'04

'08

‘12

‘16

‘20

‘24

Extremely Liberal :

1%

2

1

2

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

1

2

2

2

2

3

3

3

4.2

 

Liberal :

7

11

7

8

6

6

7

6

6

7

8

6

7

7

9

12

9

10

10

12

13

 

Slightly Liberal :

10

8

8

10

9

8

9

11

9

8

10

7

10

9

9

9

8

9

11

11.1

10

 

Moderate, Middle of Road:

27

26

25

27

20

22

23

28

22

24

23

26

24

28

23

22

25

22

32

23.8

22.4

 

Slightly Conservative :

15

12

12

14

13

13

14

15

15

14

15

14

15

15

12

10

12

12

14

11.7

10

 

Conservative :

10

12

11

11

13

12

13

13

14

10

13

19

15

13

15

21

16

17

18

16.9

18

 

Extremely Conservative :

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

2

3

3

3

2

3

4

3

3

4

3.5

5.2

 

DK, Haven't Thought :

28

27

33

27

36

36

30

25

30

33

27

24

25

23

27

22

25

25

8

17.9

17.2

 

 

 

 

 

N  

2155

2478

2839

2284

1565

1400

2229

2170

2035

1967

2483

1783

1712

1280

849

1490

1211

2319

 

 

 

 

PERCENTAGE WITHIN STUDY YEAR
Table 3.1
Source: The American National Election Studies
Link to the ASCII text version of this table